Communication

Quantum Teleportation

Moves an unknown qubit state from q0 to q2 using a Bell pair and two classical bits. The original is destroyed.

Qubits 3 Cost O(1) Default Message |+⟩

q0 holds the message. q1 (Alice) and q2 (Bob) start as |Φ+⟩. Alice applies CX [0,1] and H 0, then MEASURE (0, 1). Those two bits go to Bob over a classical channel.

This circuit uses the deferred-measurement form: after MEASURE, CX [1,2] then CZ [0,2] apply the Pauli corrections on Bob. That is the Nielsen/Chuang and Qiskit layout (X from the Alice bit, Z from the message bit). It is equivalent to classically controlled X then Z, and it is not a mid-circuit if (c[]) Pauli ladder.

How it works

  1. 1
    Prepare message

    Default |+⟩ on q0: H 0. Variants: |0⟩ (nothing), |1⟩ (X 0), |-⟩ (X 0 then H 0).

  2. 2
    Bell pair

    H 1; CX [1,2] share entanglement between Alice and Bob.

  3. 3
    Alice Bell transform

    CX [0,1]; H 0 maps the message into the Bell basis of (q0, q1).

  4. 4
    Measure and correct

    MEASURE (0, 1). CX [1,2] then CZ [0,2] restore the message on q2.

Default Qubi (static)
H 0
H 1
CX [1,2]
CX [0,1]
H 0
MEASURE (0, 1)
CX [1,2]
CZ [0,2]

Function form: Teleport("plus")

Circuit
q0q1q2HHH
Expected result

State. q2 = |+⟩ in every branch. The two bits on (q0, q1) are uniformly random.

Each of 00, 01, 10, 11 on (q0, q1) has probability 1/4. Conditional on any branch, q2 is |+⟩ so H then Z on q2 yields |0⟩.

BasisAmplitudeProbability
branch 00 q2 = |+⟩
25%
branch 01 q2 = |+⟩
25%
branch 10 q2 = |+⟩
25%
branch 11 q2 = |+⟩
25%

Notes

  • No faster-than-light signalling: Bob needs the two classical bits.
  • No cloning: q0 is measured, so the original state is gone.
  • After correction, q2 matches the prepared message in every measurement branch.

Change parameters

The write-up above is for the default circuit. Use this control to generate other variants and load them in the simulator.